Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the unregulated overproduction of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormal calcium homeostasis. The prevalence has been reported to be ~21 cases/100 000 person-years. The mean age at diagnosis has remained between 52 and 56 years with female-to-male ratio 3:1. In ~85% of cases, pHPT is caused by a single adenoma, in 14% of hyperplasia and 1% is caused by malignant diseases. Association between pHPT and cardiovascular manifes...

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder that is associated with prominent cardiovascular manifestations. Recent studies also suggest a potential link between hyperthyroidism and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Right-sided heart failure with clinical manifestation is only occasionally seen in patients with Graves’ disease. The prevalence and pathogenic mechanisms of hyperthyroidism-related PHT remain unclear but based on literary data an autoimmune mechan...

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the most common disorder of electrolytes encountered in clinical practice, occurring in up to 15–30% of both acutely and chronically hospitalized patients. Although most cases are mild and relatively asymptomatic, it is important clinically because: i) acute severe hyponatremia can cause substantial morbidity and mortality, ii) mortality is higher in patients with hyponatremia who have a wide range of underlying diseases and iii) overly rapid...